Scientists May Have Found a Way to Mimic Sleep in the Brain Without Actually Sleeping. Here’s How.
· Vice
Sleep is great, but you know what’s even better? Not sleeping. Sometimes it feels like a glaring design flaw that we have to power down for six to nine hours a day just to keep the brain from frying. Now, according to a new study published in Nature Neuroscience, scientists may have found a way to give us all the benefits of sleep without actually going to sleep.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison used optogenetics, a technique that controls genetically modified brain cells with pulses of light, to recreate the brain rhythm of deep sleep in mice that were fully awake and moving.
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As we are in deep sleep, our neurons fire in slow, synchronized patterns. They burst, then go quiet, rinse and repeat until you wake up. That rhythm is thought to help reset synaptic connections and consolidate our memory. But what if you could synthesize that rhythm while never actually falling asleep?
Scientists May Have Found a Way to Mimic Sleep in the Brain Without Actually Sleeping
The team implanted tiny fiber-optic cables into the mice’s brains and stimulated one hemisphere while leaving the other side untouched as a control. They kept the mice awake to make sure they were extra sleepy, then induced a sleep-like rhythmic pulse in one hemisphere of the brain. When the mice were fully allowed to sleep normally, the stimulated side showed signs that it had already gotten a good chunk of the rest it needed.
The rhythm itself is the key factor here. In a separate experiment, the researchers suppressed brain activity without providing alternating bursts. Just silence and calm, and yet it didn’t produce the same restorative effect. The silence and calm didn’t matter. The only thing that made a difference was that pulsating pattern.
The real test, however, was a matter of memory. Sleep-deprived mice performed worse on learning tasks, meaning their memories were affected by a rough night of sleep. But mice that stayed awake while receiving the artificial sleep rhythm performed just as well as fully rested mice. Even the molecular markers in their brain mirrored the changes typically seen after a good night of natural sleep.
The researchers made it clear that this isn’t a shortcut to skip bedtime altogether. The process requires genetic engineering and implanting electrodes in the brain, which are not exactly practical. Besides, they argue that natural sleep probably does a way better job at recharging the brain, and it does it more evenly across the entire brain.
But still, the findings were notable in that they identified the specific electrical signal that triggers restorative sleep, and they’ve shown that it’s possible to approximate at least some of sleep’s effects by simulating that pattern. Maybe that leads to further advances in sleep science down the line. For now, it’s just cool.
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